+2].11-Advances of Computing Previous Questions Chapter wise

                                 PLUS TWO  COMPUTER SCIENCE

                             Second Year Computer Science Previous Questions Chapter wise ..

                                           Chapter 11. Advances of Computing

1. (a) The computing technology in which a problem is broken into pieces and solved concurrently is            called __________.

          Ans. Parallel Computing

    (b) Categorise the cloud service models.

            Cloud services are grouped into three – Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). 

 SaaS gives access to both resources and applications. Google Docs, Office365, facebook.com are examples. 

PaaS gives access to the components that we require to develop and operate applications on Internet. LAMP, ASP.NET, Google’s App Engine are some examples.

 IaaS provides basic storage and computing capabilities. Servers, networking equipments, data centre space etc. will be available as infrastructure where we can set up our software. Amazon Web Services, AT&T are some examples.

 Advantages: Cost savings; Flexibility; Reliability; Mobile accessibility.

 Disadvantages: Security and privacy; Lack of standard.

2. Define Robotics.

         : It is the scientific study associated with the design, fabrication, theory and application of robots. Robot is an electromechanical device which is capable of reacting to its environment and take autonomous decisions or actions to achieve a specific task. They are used in vehicle manufacturing industry, exploration of outer space, military, agriculture etc.

3. Give any three advantages and disadvantages of grid computing.

     1. Solves larger complex problems in short time.

      2.  Better use of existing hardware.

   3.  Easy to increase computing power by adding desktops or servers.

4. (a) A widely used operating system for cluster computers is _____.

        Ans. Linux

    (b) Discuss advantages of grid computing, cluster computing and cloud computing.

        Advantages of Grid computing :Solves larger complex problems in short time; Better use of existing hardware; Easy to increase computing power by adding desktops or servers.

    Advantages of Cluster computing :Reduces cost of processing; Failure of one system will not affect the processing; More components can be added.

   Advantages Cloud computing: Cost savings; Flexibility; Reliability; Mobile accessibility.

 5. NLP is ___________.

(a) National Level Programming

 (b) Natural Language Processing

(c) Neural Level Programming

(d) None of the above

    Ans. b

 6. What is ANN?

         Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is the research in algorithmic modeling of biological neural system. It focuses on human brain that has the ability to perform tasks such as pattern matching, perception and body movements, and also the ability to learn, memorise, generalize etc. 

7. Write any two advantages of parallel computing compared to serial computing

       Serial Computing                                                              Parallel Computing

 (a) Single processor is used.                                                  (a) Multiple processors with shared memory.                                                                                          

                                                                                                 ( b) Instructions are executed concurrently

(b) Instructions are executed sequentially.                           

      

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+2].11- Advances of Computing - Solved Questions from textbook

                   
                                PLUS TWO  COMPUTER SCIENCE

                                     Chapter 11. Advances of Computing

                           (+2. Computer Science Questions and answers from text book)

1. List the advances of cluster computing?

          Reduces cost of processing; Failure of one system will not affect the processing; More components can be added.

 2. What is cloud computing.

          It refers to the use of computing resources that reside on a remote machine and are delivered to the end user as a service over a network. It uses Internet and central remote servers to maintain data and applications. E-mail is an example.

 3. Name the different cloud computing models.

          Cloud models come in three types: SaaS (Software as a Service), IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) and PaaS (Platform as a Service). Each of the cloud models has their own set of benefits that could serve the needs of various businesses.

4. What is software as a service?

        SaaS gives access to both resources and applications. Google Docs, Office365, facebook.com are examples.

5. Name two SaS providers.

        Google Docs, Office365, facebook.com

 6.  Specify the name of any two providers of IaaS.

            Amazon Web Services, AT&T

7. What is the difference between OCR and HCR systems?

       Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and Handwritten Character Recognition (HCR) ,the task of OCR and HCR are integral parts of pattern recognition. The software converts scanned images of printed text or the text written on the screen into computer processable format (ASCII or Unicode).

8. What is the natural language processing?

        It is branch of computer science that focuses on developing systems which allow computers to communicate with people using human languages such as English, Malayalam etc

9. Give an example where  computer vision is used.

       Computer vision is necessary to enable self-driving cars. Manufacturers such as Tesla, BMW, Volvo, and Audi use multiple cameras, lidar, radar, and ultrasonic sensors to acquire images from the environment so that their self-driving cars can detect objects, lane markings, signs and traffic signals to safely drive.

10. ANN is 

         Artificial Neural Networks

11. The scientific study associated with the design,fabrication,theory and application of robots is called--------------

      Ans. Robotics

12. Explain the feature of distributed computing.

       It is a method of computing in which large problems are divided into many small problems and these are distributed to many computers in a network. Later, the small results are assembled to get the final solution. Advantages: Economical, Speed, Reliability, Scalability. Disadvantages: Complexity, Lack of security

13. Compare serial and parallel computing.

     

          Serial Computing                                                                                              Parallel Computing

 (a) Single processor is used. 

  (b) Instructions are executed sequentially.                                             (a) Multiple processors with shared memory. 

                                                                                                                (b) Instructions are executed concurrently.

14. What is computational intelligence?

        (commonly referred to as AI) is the study of adaptive mechanisms (algorithms) to facilitate intelligent behavior in complex and changing environment so as to solve real life problems. The four main paradigms (paradigm means a pattern or model in the study of a complex subject) of Computational Intelligence are Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Evolutionary Computation (EC), Swarm Intelligence (SI) and Fuzzy Systems (FS).

 Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is the research in algorithmic modeling of biological neural system. It focuses on human brain that has the ability to perform tasks such as pattern matching, perception and body movements, and also the ability to learn, memorise, generalize etc.

 Evolutionary Computation (EC) has its objective to mimic processes from natural evolution. It focuses on the survival of the fittest and death of the weak. EC is used in data mining, fault diagnosis etc. 

Swarm Intelligence (SI) is originated from the study of colonies or swarms of social organisms. Choreography of bird flocks and foraging behavior of ants led to different optimization algorithms.

 Fussy Systems (FS) allows reasoning with uncertain facts to infer new facts. In a sense, fuzzy logic allows the modeling of common sense. Fuzzy systems have been applied in gear transmission in vehicles, controlling traffic signals etc.

 15. Define cybermetics?

       The study of human-machine interaction to solve real life problems led to the development of Cybernetics. It is defined as the study of control and communication between man and machines.

  16. The test used to decide whether a machine is intelligent or not is called-----------

        Ans. Turing test

   17. What is ANN?

           Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is the research in algorithmic modeling of biological neural system. It focuses on human brain that has the ability to perform tasks such as pattern matching, perception and body movements, and also the ability to learn, memorise, generalize etc

    18. Explain swarm intelligence.

           Swarm Intelligence (SI) is originated from the study of colonies or swarms of social organisms. Choreography of bird flocks and foraging behavior of ants led to different optimization algorithms

     19. Explain fuzzy systems.

              Fussy Systems (FS) allows reasoning with uncertain facts to infer new facts. In a sense, fuzzy logic allows the modeling of common sense. Fuzzy systems have been applied in gear transmission in vehicles, controlling traffic signals etc.

     20. List some uses of biometrics.

                : It refers to the measurements (metrics) related to human characteristics. It is used in identification of individual in terms of finger print, palm veins, face, hand geometry, iris, retina and odour.

      21. List the use of robots.

                  Robot is an electromechanical device which is capable of reacting to its environment and take autonomous decisions or actions to achieve a specific task. They are used in vehicle manufacturing industry, exploration of outer space, military, agriculture etc.

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