DCA : UNIT-1 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (Chapter -6 Application of Information Technology)

 

                                                                           UNIT -1

                                                    INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

                                                                     CHAPTER -6

                                         APPLICATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

1. Define m-Commerce?

      m-Commerce is the buying and selling of goods and services through wireless hand held devices such as cellular phone and personal digital assistants(PDA). 

2. What do you mean by online trading?

     Online trading is the buying and selling of stocks and shares through computer. Stock exchanges and stock broking firms are using computers for getting various information like foreign securities ,share index etc.

3. Give an example of e-Commerce website?

       www.amazon.com,www.flipkart.com,www.myntra.com etc

4. what is virtual classroom?

     A virtual classroom is an online learning environment. It helps the students to get online education from remote places. Many schools and businesses have rolled out virtual classrooms to provide synchronous distance education.

5. What is e-Governance?

    E-Governance is the delivery of government services and information to the public using electronic devices. For example www.kerala.gov in site act as e-governance website  Akshaya centres are promoting e-Governance.

6. What do you understand the term 'Telemedicine'?

      Telemedicine is used to examine patients in remote location. Telemedicine is implemented with the help of telephone line and a computer network. For example a doctor is sitting in England can consult a patient is sitting in Kerala.

 

                               Objective type questions and answers

1. IT stands for ------------- .

  Ans. Information Technology

2. Selling ,Purchasing of goods and services over the internet is called ----------------------- .

   Ans. e-Commerce

3. B2C stands for ---------------- .

Ans. Business- to - Consumer

4. Performance of all banking activities through internet is called -------------- .

    Ans. m-Commerce

                                        Essay type questions

1. What are the applications of computer in communication?

2. List out the IT policy in Kerala state?

3. Explain different types of e- Commerce model ? 

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DCA : UNIT -1 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (Chapter -5 Computer Software)

                                           

                                                           UNIT -1

                                               INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

                                                       CHAPTER -5

                                               COMPUTER SOFTWARE

 

1. Define Computer program?

        A sequence of instructions to perform a specific task, written in a programming language is called a computer program.

2. Name the three different categories of programming languages?

       Machine language, Assembly language, High level language.

3. Distinguish between System software and application software?

      System software is a set of programs ,designed to control ,manage and support a computer system an its data processing activities.

     Application software makes the computer useful for specific application for the user. For example banking, hospital management, reservation etc.

4. Give the advantages and disadvantages of machine language?

    Advantages:  Fastest execution .Direct control on hardware components. No need of a language                                    translator.

 Disadvantages: Machine dependent. Difficult to write program. Error pron. Difficult to detect error                                   and  modify. 

5. Why does an operating system become necessary for a computer system?

     It is a system software package to control and utilize all the hardware resources of a computer. An operating  system acts as an interface between computer hardware and user. Also we should  provide some software assistance to all the hardware components for their proper functioning.

6. List out the functions of an operating system 

   Processor management - The processor time slot is assigned to different tasks executed by computer.

Memory management - Allocation of main memory to various programs

Input/output management - The coordination and assignment of different input and output devices among various programs being executed.

File management - All computer systems are store, retrieve and share information. 

Such information units are called files.

Security - Provide provision to protect computer resources from unauthorized access.

Device control - All the peripheral devices are controlled and coordinated by corresponding driver modules of operating system.

7. Differentiate between Single User operating system and Multi user operating system ?

     This type of OS permits only one user to operate the computer at a time. Here the CPU connects with an output unit like a monitor and an input unit like keyboard  and mouse .

 Multi user operating system is two or more users can use a computer at a time. This architecture contains a central CPU.  A number of dumb terminals are connected to the CPU. 

8. What do you mean by the term language processors? Name the three types of language processors available?

    The software which translate programs written in one language to another language is generally known as Language processors or language translators.

Assembler Compiler and Interpreter are the three types of language processors.

9. Explain the use of an assembler

    Assembler is a language processor, that converts assembly language program into equivalent machine language program.

10. Explain the working of compiler and interpreter .How they differ?

      Compiler is a language processor ,that translates programs written in High level language into Machine language.

    Interpreter is another type of language translator used to translate high level language program into machine language program.

   Compiler will take the entire source program file as input then translate it into machine language program and save it as 'Object file' . Interpreter will take one statement at a time as input ,translate it into machine code which is immediately executed.

11. What are the  advantages and limitations of high level languages?

       Advantages : Easy to understand, program, error detection and correction. machine independent.

    Limitations : Slow execution. A language translator is needed.

12. What do you understand by Utility programs? Give examples.

     Utilities are those programs which are designed to assist day to day smooth functioning and maintenance of a computer system. Some of them are available as part of operating system and some others are available as third party software.

Examples are Antivirus software, backup utilities ,disc defragmenter , compression utilities etc.

13. Write a short note on Malicious Software?

     Malicious software ( Malware) includes computer viruses, worms trojan horses ,spyware, cookies and other malicious programs.

A computer virus is a program or piece of code that is loaded onto our computer without our knowledge and damage routine and normal working of our computer system. A worm is a special type of virus that can replicate itself and use memory. Trojan horse is a non-self- replicating type of malware program containing malicious code. A spyware is a software that monitors user activity on the internet and transmits that information in the background to someone else.

14. What is software piracy?

           When you are copying a software product without the legal permission of its creator this act is known as software piracy.

15. Discuss the different aspects of the term "Free software"?

    Free software means software that respects users freedom on software.it means that the users have the freedom to use ,copy, distribute, study, change and improve the software.

                             Objective type questions and answers

1. pick the odd one out

 a. windows

 b. MS office

 c. Unix

 d. DOS

Ans. MS office

2. A set of programs, designed to control and manage a computer system is called --------------

   Ans. System software

3. The software which translate programs written in one language to another language is known as -----------------

Ans. Language processors

     

     

     

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DCA : UNIT -1 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (Chapter -4 Input/output devices)

 

                                                                      UNIT -1 

                                                      INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

                                                                    CHAPTER -4

                                                     INPUT/OUTPUT DEVICES

1. Why are input and output devices necessary for a computer system?

      Input devices are that accepts data from outside world and translate them into a form, a computer can interpret. Main purpose of  output devices is to receive information from the computer and supply them to users. The computer sends information  to the output devices in binary forms. The output devices convert them into a form that can be understood by users.

2. What are peripheral device? Why they are so called?

         Computer peripherals, or peripheral devices, are sometimes called "I/O devices" because they provide input and output for the computer. Some peripherals, such as external hard drives, provide both input and output for the computer.

3. What are graphic input devices? List and explain  various types of graphic input devices?

     Graphical input devices permit the user to select something on the screen by pointing to it.

     a. Mouse

     b. Joystick

     c. Trackball

     d. Track pad

     e. Track point

     f. Light pen

    g. Touch screen etc..

   Mouse: Mouse is the popular pointing device. It is  a small hand-held device that fits comfortably in                   user's  palm.  

Optical Mouse : An optical mouse is an advanced computer pointing device that uses a light -emitting                             diode(LED). and optical sensor.

Trackball : A trackball is a cursor control device used in many notebook and laptop computers. The                           trackball is usually located in front of the keyboard towards the user. Now a days it is                              replaced by touch pad.

Track pad: It is one of the latest pointing devices.

Track point : This device is also called as eraser pointer because it resembles the shape of a pencil        

                       eraser.

Joystick :Joystick is a pointing device used to move the cursor position on a screen.

4. What is an input device? Name some commonly  used input devices?

    An input device is a piece of hardware used to provide data to a computer used. Commonly used input devices are

       Keyboard, Mouse, Optical Mark Reader ,Bar Code Reader ,Track ball etc.

5. Briefly explain laser printer?

     Laser printers are non-impact type printers. They print one page at a time. These printers use laser beam to produce an image on a photosensitive drum. The image is  transfered  from drum to paper using toner. Toner is an electrically charged ink.

6. Briefly describe ink-jet printer.

    These are non-impact printers that form characters and images by spraying small droplets of ink on a paper. A special type of iron content ink is used. Droplets of ink are electrically charged by an electrode. Inkjet printers are used  for colour printing.

7. Differentiate between mechanical and optical mouse?

         A mechanical mouse has a ball that turns rollers inside. If friction is lost between the ball and the mouse surface, or between the ball and the rollers, the mouse fails to work.

      An optical mouse is an advanced computer pointing device that uses a light -emitting                    diode(LED). and optical sensor. An optical mouse uses light to  detect movement. They work by  emitting light from an LED or laser.

8. What is plotter?

    Plotters are pen-based output devices that are used to produce high quality and clarity output. It is mainly used to draw pictures and graphics. 

9. What is track ball? How it is different from a mouse?

       A trackball is a cursor control device used in many notebook and laptop computers. The                           trackball is usually located in front of the keyboard towards the user. 

 Mouse is the most popular pointing devices that fits comfortably under the palm of your hand. With a mouse, users control the movement of the pointer.

10. What is LCD? Differentiate between CRT and LCD monitors?

        LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) are super thin displays that are used in laptop computer screens and flat panel monitors. LCD screens are based on the principle of blocking light. Advantages are light weight, compact and clarity output.  

                         CRT                                                                             LCD

 1. Cathode Ray Tube                                                                   1. Liquid Crystal Display

2. It consumes more power.                                                          2. It consumes less power.

3. CRT is cheaper than LCD                                                        3. LCD is costlier than CRT

4. Size is large                                                                              4. Size is smaller than CRT

  5. Low resolution                                                                        5. High resolution so picture quality                                                                                                                      is good.   

11. Explain  the printing mechanism of dot matrix printer ?

             They print characters and all kinds of images as patterns of dots. It has a print head that moves horizontally across the paper The print head contains an array of pins?(called matrix).The  printer can activate each pin independent of others to extend and strike against an inked ribbon to form a dot on the paper.

12.  What is the use of computer output microfilm?

       Computer output microfilm technology is used to record computer output information as microscopic filmed images. In COM ,information are recorded on a sheet or microfilm .Data from computer into language and records it on microfilm.

13. What do you mean by hard copy and soft copy?

          A hard copy is a printed document. When a document is created on a computer , it is typically saved as a file on the computer's hard drive. This is a soft copy of document.

14. Differentiate between impact and non impact printers?

            Impact printers are printers which works by creating a direct contact between ink ribbon and paper. These printers are noisy yet popular. Impact printers have mechanical moving parts to conduct printing. Examples: Dot-matrix printers, Daisy-wheel printers, and line printers.

Non-Impact printers don't uses any direct contact between ink ribbon and paper. They use laser, xerographic, electrostatic, chemical or inkjet technology. These printers are less noisy and don't have mechanical moving parts to conduct printing. Examples: Inkjet printers and Laser printers.

                                     Objective type questions and answers

1. Mouse and light pen are examples of -------------------input devices.

    Ans. Graphical

2. MICR stands for --------------------------- .

   Ans. Magnetic Ink Character Reader

3. The most common layout of a keyboard is -------------- .

      Ans. QWERTY

4. LCD stands for ------------------

Ans. Liquid Crystal Display

5. -----------------is an input device used for playing computer  game.

  Ans. Joystick

6. Touch screen is a ----------- device .

 Ans. Input 

                                 Essay type questions   (Ref. text book)

1. What are pointing devices? Discuss some of the commonly  used pointing  devices?

2. What are scanners? list and explain various types of scanners?

3. What is an output device? List some commonly used output devices.

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DCA : UNIT 1- INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (Chapter 3 - The Memory )

   

                                                           UNIT 1

                                              INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

                                                     CHAPTER -3

                                                      THE MEMORY

   

1. What is the main function of memory unit in a computer?

              The function of a memory unit is to store instructions and data for processing and intermediate and final result after processing.

2. Why cache memory included in computers?

              To minimize the idle time of CPU ,a special high speed memory element called cache memory and placed in between CPU registers and Primary memory. The speed of cache memory is 10 times faster than primary memory.by making active programs and data available in fast cache memory , it is possible to increase the performance rate  of the CPU.

3. Write a short note on Registers.

                  A register is a temporary storage area built into a CPU. Some registers are used internally and cannot be accessed outside the processor, while others are user-accessible. Registers vary in both number and size, depending on the CPU architecture. Some processors have 8 registers while others have 16, 32, or more. For many years, registers were 32-bit, but now many are 64-bit in size. A 64-bit register is necessary for a 64-bit processor, since it enables the CPU to access 64-bit memory addresses.

Internal registers include the instruction register (IR), memory buffer register (MBR), memory data register (MDR), and memory address register (MAR). The instruction register fetches instructions from the program counter (PC) and holds each instruction as it is executed by the processor. The memory registers are used to pass data from memory to the processor.

4. What are the  advantages of primary memory over secondary memory.

            Primary memory is the main memory of the computer system. Accessing data from primary memory is faster because it is an internal memory of the computer. Primary memory is expensive and is available in limited in size in a computer. It has an operating speed is higher than that of secondary memory.

5. What are the advantages of secondary memory over primary memory?

                            Secondary memory device are low cost, large storage capacity and data stored are permanent in nature.

6. Distinguish between RAM and ROM.

             RAM                                                                                         ROM

1.  Temporary storage                                                                      1. Permanent storage

2. Store data in Mega bits per second                                             2. Store data in Gigabits per second

3. Volatile                                                                                        3. non volatile

4. Random access memory                                                             4. Read only memory

5. Writing data is faster                                                                   5. Writing data is slower.

6. Used in normal operations                                                        6. Used for start up process of computer

      

7. what is Firmware?

       Firmware is a software program or set of instructions programmed on a hardware device. It provides the necessary instructions for how the device communicates with the other computer hardware. Firmware is typically stored in the flash ROM of a hardware device. While ROM is "read-only memory," flash ROM can be erased and rewritten because it is actually a type of Flash memory.

Example BIOS chip, TV Remote etc

8. What is an optical disc?

     An optical disc is an electronic data storage medium that can be written to and read from using a low-powered laser beam. Various types of optical discs  are available. The various types optical discs available now are CD ROM,CD Rewritable, DVD etc.

9. Differentiate between CD ROM and Rewritable CD.

            A Compact Disc Read Only Memory (CD ROM) is read the data  at any number of times but can not delete or rewrite. Here the  data is recorded on a highly reflective coating of the disc along   a spiral track. 

        Re-Writable (CD-RW) is an erasable disc that can be reused. The data on a CD-RW disc can be erased and recorded over numerous times.

10. What are the main  differences between DVD and Blue Ray disc?

            DVD can store large volume of data. It is same as compact discs. Storage capacity  from 4.7GB TO 17 GB. The DVD technology use more tiny pits ,closer tracks and red laser for data reading .

         Blue Ray disc is an optical disc format designed high definition video and store  large amounts of data. Blue laser reads from and write to the disc  rather than the red laser of DVD.Storage capacity 50GB.

11. Explain the term pit and land?

        The lands represent 1 and the pits represent 0 in binary computing. The bits are read by the disc drive that uses a laser beam to distinguish between the lands and pits based on the amount of scattering or deflection that occurs when the beam of light hits the surface of the disc.

                          Objective type questions and answers

1. --------------------- is the fastest memory element in hierarchy

  Ans. Cache memory

2. Pick the odd one out

   a. Hard disk

    b. Floppy disc

     c. Bioschip

      d. Magnetic disc

Ans. Bioschip

3. Storage capacity of a 3.5 inch floppy disc is -------------

   Ans. 1.44 MB

4. DVD stands for ----------------------

   Ans.   Digital versatile disc

5. Name some popular secondary storage devices

     Ans. Floppy disc, Hard disc,  CD, DVD, Blue Ray

                         Essay type questions

1. Memory hierarchy in a computer system (refer text)

2. Differentiate between random access direct access and sequential access memory devices. Give example for each

Ans.   ( explain Primary and Secondary storage devices ) 

           

.

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DCA : UNIT -1 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (Chapter 2- Computer Organization)

 

                                                                       UNIT -1

                                                  INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

                                                                     CHAPTER -2

                                                      COMPUTER ORGANIZATION

      1. What is motherboard?

          Mother board alternatively is known as the main board, system board, planar board, logic board, base board or main circuit board. The motherboard is a printed circuit board. It allocates power and allows communication to and between the CPU,RAM, and all other computer HARDWARE components.

2. What is register?

    Registers  are temporary storage locations inside the CPU. The data and instruction fetched from the memory is to be stored in registers for the ongoing process.

3. What is the function of input unit?

     1. Accept data and instruction from outside world.

     2. Convert human readable from of data to machine readable (digital) form .

      3. Supplies digital form of data to processor(CPU) for further processing.

4.  What is the function of output function?

• Accept data after processing.
• Convert these data into human readable form.
• Gives information to outside in human readable form.   

5. What are the 5 basic functions performed by a computer system?

    1. Accepts data and instructions through input devices.

    2. Stores data and instructions

    3. Process data as instructed by the user.

    4. Controls all operations inside a computer.

     5. Gives result through output devices.

6. What is bus?

      Alternatively known as an address bus, data bus, or local bus, a bus is a connection between components or devices connected to a computer. For example, a bus carries data between a CPU and the system memory via the motherboard.

7. Mention the importance of expansion slots in motherboard

     It provides an installation point for a hardware expansion card to be connected. Various expansion slots are sound card slot, Video card ,Network card , Modem , graphic card etc. For example, if you wanted to install a new video card in the computer, you'd purchase a video expansion card and install that card into the compatible expansion slot.

                                        Long Answer type Questions.

1. Draw a Block diagram and Explain the functions of various units.(important)

(Ref. Text book)

                            Objective type Questions and Answers

    

1. Parallel port are used to connect --------------- device.

   Ans.  Peripheral device

2. CPU stands for -----------------

 Ans. Central Processing Unit

3. -------------------- is an example of microprocessor.

  Ans.  Intel Core i7

      Other examples Intel pentium 4 , Intel 8085, Intel 8086 AMD etc.

                                           

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DCA-UNIT -1 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY(Chapter 1- Introduction to IT)

 

                                                                      UNIT -1

                                                  INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

                                                                     CHAPTER -1

                                                          INTRODUCTION TO IT 

1. Define Computer.

Computer is an electronic programmable data processing machine. It can store ,process and retrieve data as and when desired.

2. Distinguish between Data, Information and Knowledge.

Data is any fact connected with any object. For example, name of person(Tom),a number (it may be age, identification code or rank) etc.

Information is arranged and meaningful form of data. Example Mark list of a student, rank list for plus two etc.

Knowledge is the application of information in a given context.For example Speak a language, Play a musical instrument etc.

3. Explain the concept of data processing with a neat diagram.

     Data processing is a series of operations that convert raw data into use full information.

    Data processing consists of 4 sub activities 

1. Receive data as input

2. Manipulating data as per the instructions.

3. Provide the result(information) as output.

4. Keep the data and the information for future in storage location.

                        

4. Explain the characteristics of a computer.

         Speed - Computer is very fast device. Computers work at a very high speed and are much faster than humans.

        Accuracy - Since computer is programmed so what ever input we give it gives result with accurately.

       Versatality - We can use to perform completely different type of work at the same time.

       Diligence -Computer can work can work for hours or days continously without creating any errors and any break.

     Storage capacity (Power of remembering) - Every piece of information that a user stores on a computer can be retained as long as needed.

   No intelligence - Computer is an electronic machine and it has no intelligence. A computer can not take its own decision.

    No feeling/No emotion - Computer have no feelings or emotions.They have no feelings because they are machines.

5. How many computer generations are there till now.?List out them.

               

                               

  

6. Differentiate between SSI,MSI and LSI.

        The number of components fitted into a standard size integrated circuits(IC) represents its integration scale in other words density of components

       SSI - Small scale integration(This chip was introduced in third generation of computer.

It have contained only 10 to 20 components.

     MSI - Medium scale integration 

   It become possible to integrate upto 100 components on a single chip.

    LSI - Large scale integration

  It was possible to integrate over 3000 components i to a single chip.

7. Write a short note on Super computers.

                  A supercomputer is a computer with great speed and memory. This kind of computer can do jobs faster than any other computer of its generation. They are usually thousands of times faster than ordinary personal computers made at that time. Supercomputers can do arithmetic jobs very fast, so they are used for weather forecasting, code-breaking, genetic analysis and other jobs that need many calculations.

8. Define Word length

     Word length  of a processor means the maximum number of bits that can be handled by the processor at a time, during execution.

                              Long Answer Type Questions

1. Generations of computers and list out their merits and demerits.(Ref Textbook)

       Some objective type questions  and answers given below.

1.  One byte= 8 bits

 2. The arranged meaningful form of data is called ----------------

    Ans. Information

3. Pick the odd one out.

   a. Micro computer

    b. Laptop

    c. mini computer

     d. Super computer

Ans. b

4. Who is known as the father of modern computers?

    Ans. Alan Turing

5. Full form of ENIAC,EDVAC,EDSAC,UNIVAC

  ENIAC -Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator

  EDVAC -Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Calculator

  EDSAC - Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator.

  UNIVAC - Universal Automatic Computer

6.Which is the  first Indian super computer.

   Ans. Param Padma

       

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