PLUS ONE COMPUTER SCIENCE /COMPUTER APPLICATION
(+1. Computer Application/computer science Questions and answers from text book)
Chapter 2(3 for CS) Components Of The Computer System
(+1. Computer Application/computer science Questions and answers from text book)
Chapter 2(3 for CS) Components Of The Computer System
1. The fastest memory in a computer is ________.
Ans. Register
2. The storage capacity of a single layer DVD is ________.
Ans. 4.37GB
3. What is cache memory?
Cache memory is a small and fast memory between the processor and RAM (main memory). Frequently accessed data, instructions, intermediate results, etc. are stored in cache memory for quick access. When the processor needs to read from or write to a location in RAM, it first checks whether a copy of that data is in the cache. If so, the processor immediately reads the cache, which is much faster than reading from RAM. Cache is more expensive than RAM, but it is worth using it in order to maximise system performance.
4. What is the use of program counter register?
It holds the address of the next instruction to be executed by the processor
5. What is HDMI?
HDMI is a type of digital connection capable of transmitting high-definition video and multi channel audio over a single cable. To do the same thing with analog cables, we need to connect several video and audio cables.
6. The environmentally responsible and eco-friendly use of computers and their resources is known as _________ .
Ans Green IT
7. The process of making or manufacturing new products from the product that has originally served its purpose is called _______.
Ans. Recycling
8. Compare dot matrix printers and laser printers.
Dot matrix printers use small electromagnetically activated pins in the print head and an inked ribbon, to produce images by impact. The most commonly used printer heads consists of 9 pins. Certain printers use 24 pins for better print quality. These printers are slow and noisy, and are not commonly used for personal use. The Dot Matrix Printers are widely used at cash counters in shops due to their low printing cost and for the reason that we get carbon copies from them.
A laser printer produces good quality output. The image to be printed is transferred to a drum using a laser beam. The toner powder from the toner cartridge is then sprayed on the drum. The toner powder sticks onto the portions traced on the drum by the laser beam. It is transferred to a paper by rolling the paper over the drum. Through heating the powder is fused on to the paper.
9. List any two input and output devices each.
Input devices : Mouse,Keyboard,Scanner,Joystick,Touch screen etc
Output devices: Visual disply unit,Printer,Monitor,Projector etc
10. Define operating system.
Operating system is a set of programs that acts as an interface between the user and computer hardware. The primary objective of an operating system is to make the computer system convenient to use. Operating system provides an environment for user to execute programs. It also helps to use the computer hardware in an efficient manner. Operating system controls and co-ordinates the operations of a computer.
11. Give two examples for OS.
DOS, Windows, Unix, Linux, Mac OS X, etc
12. A program in execution is called ______.
Ans. Process
13. Mention any two functions of OS
i. Process management
By the term process we mean a program in execution. The process management module of an operating system takes care of the allocation and de-allocation of processes and scheduling of various system resources to the different requesting processes.
ii. Memory management
Memory management is the functionality of an operating system which handles or manages primary memory. It keeps track of each and every memory location to ensure whether it is allocated to some process or free. It calculates how much memory is to be allocated to each process and allocates it. It de-allocates memory if it is not needed further.
14. Name the software that translates assembly language program into machine language program.
Ans. Assembler
15. Differentiate between compiler and interpreter.
Compiler is also a language processor that translates a program written in high level language into machine language. It scans the entire program in a single run. If there is any error in the program, the compiler provides a list of error messages along with the line number at the end of the compilation. If there are no syntax errors, the compiler will generate an object file. Translation using compiler is called compilation. After translation compilers are not required in memory to run the program. The programming languages that have a compiler are C, C++, Pascal, etc
Interpreter is another kind of language processor that converts a HLL program into machine language line by line. If there is an error in one line, it reports and the execution of the program is terminated. It will continue the translation only after correcting the error. BASIC is an interpreted language.
16. DBMS stands for _________.
Ans. Database Management System
17. Give two examples for customized software.
Ans. Payroll system and Inventory system
18. Duplicating disk information is called _________.
Ans. Backup software
19. An example of free and open source software is ______.
Ans. Mozilla firefox
20. The software that give users a chance to try it before buying is _____.
Ans. Shareware
21. What do you mean by free and open source software?What are the four freedoms which make up free and open source software?
Free and open source software gives the user the freedom to use, copy, distribute, examine, change and improve the software. Nowadays free and open source software is widely used throughout the world because of adaptable functionality, less overall costs, vendor independency, adherence to open standards, interoperability and security. The Free Software Foundation (FSF) defines the four freedoms for free and open source software:
Freedom 0 - The freedom to run program for any purpose.
Freedom 1 - The freedom to study how the program works and adapt it to your needs. Access to source code should be provided.
Freedom 2 - The freedom to distribute copies of the software.
Freedom 3 - The freedom to improve the program and release your improvements to the public, so that the whole community benefits.
22. An example of proprietary software is _________.
Ans. Microsoft windows operating system
23. Give two examples of humanware.
Ans. System Administrators,Computer engineers.
24. What are the components of a digital computer?
Processor,Motherboard,Peripherals and ports, and Hard disk
25. Write the main functions of central processing unit.
The central processing unit (CPU) of a computer is a piece of hardware that carries out the instructions of a computer program. It performs the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of a computer system.
26. What are the different types of main memory?
Memory can be classified into two: primary memory and secondary memory.
Primary memory holds data, intermediate results and results of ongoing jobs temporarily. Secondary memory on the other hand holds data and information permanently.
27. What is the advantage of EEPROM over EPROM?
EPROM - Erasable Programmable ROM that can be erased using ultra violet radiation and can be programmed using special electronic circuits. EEPROM - Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM which can be erased and rewritten electrically
27. When do we use ROM?
ROM is a permanent memory that can perform only read operations and its contents cannot be easily altered. ROM is non-volatile; the contents are retained even after the power is switched off. ROM is used in most computers to hold a small, special piece of 'boot up' program known as Basic Input Output System (BIOS).This software runs when the computer is switched on or 'boots up'. It checks the computer's hardware and then loads the operating system.
28. What is an input device? List few commonly used input devices.
An input device is used to feed data into a computer. It is also defined as a device that provides communication between the user and the computer.
Keyboard
Mouse
Light pen
Graphic Tablet
Joustick
Touch screen
Touch pad
Scanner
Digital camera
Microphone
Smartcard reader
29. What do you mean by an output device? List few commonly used output devices.
Output devices are devices that print/display output from a computer. Outputs generated by the output devices may be hardcopy output or softcopy output. Hardcopy outputs are permanent outputs which can be used at a later date or when required. They produce a permanent record on paper. The common output devices that produce hardcopy outputs are printers and plotters.
Monitor
Plotter
Printer
Audio output device
30. What is a storage device? List few commonly used storage devices.
Secondary memory is much larger in size than RAM, but is slower. It stores programs and data but the processor cannot access them directly. Secondary memory is also used for transferring data or programs from one computer to another. It also acts as a backup.
The major categories of storage devices are magnetic, optical and semiconductor memory.
Magnetic: Magnetic tapes,hard disk
Optical : CD,DVD,Blue ray DVD
Semiconductor: USB Flash drive,Flash memory cards
31. What is the role of ALU?
The accumulator is a part of the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU). This register is used to store data to perform arithmetic and logical operation. The result of an operation is stored in the accumulator.
32. What is a control unit?
The control unit (CU) is a component of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that directs the operation of the processor. It tells the computer's memory, arithmetic and logic unit and input and output devices how to respond to the instructions that have been sent to the processor.
33 What are registers? Write and explain any two of them.
CPU Registers are used to retrieve and store data at an extreme speed when manipulations are done by the CPU on a temporary basis.
Some Important CPU Registers are,
1. MAR (Memory Address Register):- To store the address of the memory location where data is to be stored/retrieved.
2. MBR (Memory Buffer Register) :- It holds the data, either to be written to or read from the memory by the processor
34. Differentiate Hard copy and Soft copy.
A hard copy a printed digital document file on paper, whereas soft copy is an unprinted electronicdocument file that exists in any digital form like in personal computers, pen drives, DVD's, in the form of word file, pdf file or wordpad file. ... Hard copy is aprinted document. A Physical item (that you can touch).
35. What is e-Waste?
e-Waste refers to electronic products nearing the end of their "useful life" . Electronic waste may be defined as discarded computers, office electronic equipment, entertainment devices, mobile phones, television sets and refrigerators. e-Waste contains some toxic substances such as mercury, lead, cadmium, brominated flame retardants, etc. CRTs have a relatively high concentration of lead and phosphors. The toxic materials can cause cancer, reproductive disorders and many other health problems, if not properly managed.
36. What is operating system?
It acts as an interface between the user and the hardware. It is a set of programs that control, co-ordinate the operations of a computer and help to make efficient use of resources ie. Software and hardware.. It has the following functions.
Process management, Memory management, File management, Security and Command interpretation.
Example: MS Windows XP, Vista, 7, Linux, DOS
37. What is a language processor?
Language processors used to translate the assembly or high level language programs or instructions in to equivalent machine language instruction. They are classified in to three. They are 1) Assembler 2) Compiler and 3) Interpreter.
Assembler: It converts assembly language codes into Machine language codes.
Compiler: It translates all lines of high level language program at a time in to its equivalent machine code. The language like C++ .
Interpreter: It translates high level language program in line by line in to its equivalent machine code. So it need less memory than compiler. The language like BASIC uses interpreter.
38. Mention the categories of computer languages.
Machine language :-The language, which uses binary digits, is called machine language. Writing a program in machine language is very difficult.
Assembly language: Assembly language is an intermediate-level programming language. Assembly languages use mnemonics. Mnemonic is a symbolic name given to an operation.eg ADD, SUB
High Level Languages (HLL): These are like English languages and are simpler to understand than the assembly language or machine language. Eg. C++, VB etc.
39. What is disk defragmenter?
Disk defragmenter is a program that rearranges files on a computer hard disk.
40. What is proprietary software?
Proprietary software is a computer program is property of the developer/publisher and can not copy , change or distribute without permission.
Eg. Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, MS Office etc.
41. Briefly explain any three input devices.
a). Keyboard: It is used to inputting alphabets, numbers and other characters. etc. characters. Keyboard detects the key pressed and generates the corresponding ASCII code which can be recognized by the computer. Usually it consists of 101 to 105 keys It has a keyboard layout called the QWERTY design. QWERTY gets its name from the first six letters across in the upper left- hand corner of the keyboard.
b). Mouse: It is a pointing device to point and select objects from the screen and also draws pictures. There are various types of mouses like
1. Serial and parallel mouse, 2. Optical mouse 3. Wireless Mouse
c.)Optical Character Reader (OCR):An OCR is a device that can read characters printed with a predefined font. Characters scanned with optical scanner. Scanned image converted to ASCII code and compare with original. It is faster input method with fewer errors. But only limited characters are used. For proper reading high quality printing is needed.
42. Compare CRT with LED monitor.
The Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) monitor resembles television sets of the past. Two types of CRT monitors are available, monochrome and color. A monochrome monitor displays characters and images in a single colour on a dark background.
LED monitors use LED directly behind the liquid crystal display (LCD) in order to light up the screen. This technique is very effective and gives each area of the screen its own light, which can be on or off. LED screens can produce massive contrast ratio making the difference between the lights and the blacks appear almost perfect. This technology is expensive. The advantage of using LED is better color quality, clarity, wider viewing angle, faster refresh rates and power savings
43. Differentiate RAM and ROM.
RAM ROM
1. It is faster than ROM It is a slower memory
2 It stores the operating system, application It stores the program required to boot programs and data when the the computer initially
Computer is functioning
3. It allows reading and writing. Usually allows reading only.
4. It is volatile, i.e. its contents are lost
when the device is powered off. It is non-volatile
44. List and explain e-Waste disposal methods.
e-waste
a). Reuse: It refers to second-hand use or usage after the equipment has been upgraded or modified.
b). Recycling of e-Waste: Recycling is the process of making or manufacturing new products from a product that has originally served its purpose.
c). Refuse : Use alternatives if there is or buy only it is necessary.
d). Incineration: It is a controlled and complete combustion process in which the waste is burned in specially designed incinerators at a high temperature
e). Land filling: It is one of the most widely used, but not recommended methods for disposal of e-Waste
45. Enumerate the steps that can be taken for the implementation of green computing philosophy.
Green computing is the designing, manufacturing, using and disposing of computers and associated components efficiently and effectively with minimal or no impact on the environment. To make computer green,
a). Green design: Designing energy-efficient and eco-friendly computers, servers, printers, projectors and other digital devices.
b). Green manufacturing: Minimising waste during the manufacturing of computers and other components.
c). Green use: Minimising the electricity consumption of computers and peripheral devices and using them in an eco-friendly manner. Minimise printing and maximize the use of soft copy.
d). Green disposal: Reconstructing or recycling unwanted electronic equipment.
46. What do you mean by customized software? Give examples.
Software that is made for an individual or business that performs tasks specific to their needs is called custom software. For example, if you had a home business, you may hire someone to create a custom software program to help print and view invoices. Canned Software, Software terms.
47. Distinguish between low level and high level languages.
Low level language is Machine language. The language, which uses binary digits, is called machine language. Writing a program in machine language is very difficult.
High level languages are like English languages and are simpler to understand than the assembly language or machine language. Eg. C++, VB etc.
48. Describe the use of electronic spreadsheets.
A spreadsheet is a software application that enables a user to save, sort and manage data in an arranged form of rows and columns. A spreadsheet stores data in a tabular format as an electronic document. An electronic spreadsheet is based on and is similar to the paper-based accounting worksheet.
49. What is utility software? Give two examples.
Utility software is a set of programs which help users in system maintenance tasks and in performing tasks of routine nature.
Some examples are,
a). Compression tools: Large files can be compressed so that they take less storage area. hese compressed files can be decompressed into its original form when needed.
Eg. Winzip, 7zip etc.
b). Disk defragmenter: Disk defragmenter is a program that rearranges files on a computer hard disk.
50. Categorise the software given below into operating system, application packages and utility programs. Linux, Tally, WinZip, MS-Word, Windows, MS-Excel
Operating system: Windows,Linux
Aplication softwares: MS-Excel,MS-Word
Utility softwares: Tally,WinZip
51. Differentiate between freeware and shareware.
Freeware Shareware
1.software which is made available for use free
of charge for an unlimited period. commercial software that is distributed on a trial basis.
2. Chance to try before purchasing All the
features are free. All features are not available.
3. Freeware programs can be Shareware may or may not be distributed free of cost. distributed freely . 52. What do you mean by humanware? Give any two examples.
Humanware or liveware refers to humans who use computer. It was used in computer industry as early as 1966 to refer to computer users, often in humorous contexts by analogy with software and hardware. It refers to programmers, systems analysts, operating staff and other personnel working in a computer system.
examples:
System Administrators : Database Administrators Upkeep, configuration and reliable operation of computer systems; especially multi-user computers such as servers.
Computer Engineers : Design either the hardware or software of a computer system.
Ans. Register
2. The storage capacity of a single layer DVD is ________.
Ans. 4.37GB
3. What is cache memory?
Cache memory is a small and fast memory between the processor and RAM (main memory). Frequently accessed data, instructions, intermediate results, etc. are stored in cache memory for quick access. When the processor needs to read from or write to a location in RAM, it first checks whether a copy of that data is in the cache. If so, the processor immediately reads the cache, which is much faster than reading from RAM. Cache is more expensive than RAM, but it is worth using it in order to maximise system performance.
4. What is the use of program counter register?
It holds the address of the next instruction to be executed by the processor
5. What is HDMI?
HDMI is a type of digital connection capable of transmitting high-definition video and multi channel audio over a single cable. To do the same thing with analog cables, we need to connect several video and audio cables.
6. The environmentally responsible and eco-friendly use of computers and their resources is known as _________ .
Ans Green IT
7. The process of making or manufacturing new products from the product that has originally served its purpose is called _______.
Ans. Recycling
8. Compare dot matrix printers and laser printers.
Dot matrix printers use small electromagnetically activated pins in the print head and an inked ribbon, to produce images by impact. The most commonly used printer heads consists of 9 pins. Certain printers use 24 pins for better print quality. These printers are slow and noisy, and are not commonly used for personal use. The Dot Matrix Printers are widely used at cash counters in shops due to their low printing cost and for the reason that we get carbon copies from them.
A laser printer produces good quality output. The image to be printed is transferred to a drum using a laser beam. The toner powder from the toner cartridge is then sprayed on the drum. The toner powder sticks onto the portions traced on the drum by the laser beam. It is transferred to a paper by rolling the paper over the drum. Through heating the powder is fused on to the paper.
9. List any two input and output devices each.
Input devices : Mouse,Keyboard,Scanner,Joystick,Touch screen etc
Output devices: Visual disply unit,Printer,Monitor,Projector etc
10. Define operating system.
Operating system is a set of programs that acts as an interface between the user and computer hardware. The primary objective of an operating system is to make the computer system convenient to use. Operating system provides an environment for user to execute programs. It also helps to use the computer hardware in an efficient manner. Operating system controls and co-ordinates the operations of a computer.
11. Give two examples for OS.
DOS, Windows, Unix, Linux, Mac OS X, etc
12. A program in execution is called ______.
Ans. Process
13. Mention any two functions of OS
i. Process management
By the term process we mean a program in execution. The process management module of an operating system takes care of the allocation and de-allocation of processes and scheduling of various system resources to the different requesting processes.
ii. Memory management
Memory management is the functionality of an operating system which handles or manages primary memory. It keeps track of each and every memory location to ensure whether it is allocated to some process or free. It calculates how much memory is to be allocated to each process and allocates it. It de-allocates memory if it is not needed further.
14. Name the software that translates assembly language program into machine language program.
Ans. Assembler
15. Differentiate between compiler and interpreter.
Compiler is also a language processor that translates a program written in high level language into machine language. It scans the entire program in a single run. If there is any error in the program, the compiler provides a list of error messages along with the line number at the end of the compilation. If there are no syntax errors, the compiler will generate an object file. Translation using compiler is called compilation. After translation compilers are not required in memory to run the program. The programming languages that have a compiler are C, C++, Pascal, etc
Interpreter is another kind of language processor that converts a HLL program into machine language line by line. If there is an error in one line, it reports and the execution of the program is terminated. It will continue the translation only after correcting the error. BASIC is an interpreted language.
16. DBMS stands for _________.
Ans. Database Management System
17. Give two examples for customized software.
Ans. Payroll system and Inventory system
18. Duplicating disk information is called _________.
Ans. Backup software
19. An example of free and open source software is ______.
Ans. Mozilla firefox
20. The software that give users a chance to try it before buying is _____.
Ans. Shareware
21. What do you mean by free and open source software?What are the four freedoms which make up free and open source software?
Free and open source software gives the user the freedom to use, copy, distribute, examine, change and improve the software. Nowadays free and open source software is widely used throughout the world because of adaptable functionality, less overall costs, vendor independency, adherence to open standards, interoperability and security. The Free Software Foundation (FSF) defines the four freedoms for free and open source software:
Freedom 0 - The freedom to run program for any purpose.
Freedom 1 - The freedom to study how the program works and adapt it to your needs. Access to source code should be provided.
Freedom 2 - The freedom to distribute copies of the software.
Freedom 3 - The freedom to improve the program and release your improvements to the public, so that the whole community benefits.
22. An example of proprietary software is _________.
Ans. Microsoft windows operating system
23. Give two examples of humanware.
Ans. System Administrators,Computer engineers.
24. What are the components of a digital computer?
Processor,Motherboard,Peripherals and ports, and Hard disk
25. Write the main functions of central processing unit.
The central processing unit (CPU) of a computer is a piece of hardware that carries out the instructions of a computer program. It performs the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of a computer system.
26. What are the different types of main memory?
Memory can be classified into two: primary memory and secondary memory.
Primary memory holds data, intermediate results and results of ongoing jobs temporarily. Secondary memory on the other hand holds data and information permanently.
27. What is the advantage of EEPROM over EPROM?
EPROM - Erasable Programmable ROM that can be erased using ultra violet radiation and can be programmed using special electronic circuits. EEPROM - Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM which can be erased and rewritten electrically
27. When do we use ROM?
ROM is a permanent memory that can perform only read operations and its contents cannot be easily altered. ROM is non-volatile; the contents are retained even after the power is switched off. ROM is used in most computers to hold a small, special piece of 'boot up' program known as Basic Input Output System (BIOS).This software runs when the computer is switched on or 'boots up'. It checks the computer's hardware and then loads the operating system.
28. What is an input device? List few commonly used input devices.
An input device is used to feed data into a computer. It is also defined as a device that provides communication between the user and the computer.
Keyboard
Mouse
Light pen
Graphic Tablet
Joustick
Touch screen
Touch pad
Scanner
Digital camera
Microphone
Smartcard reader
29. What do you mean by an output device? List few commonly used output devices.
Output devices are devices that print/display output from a computer. Outputs generated by the output devices may be hardcopy output or softcopy output. Hardcopy outputs are permanent outputs which can be used at a later date or when required. They produce a permanent record on paper. The common output devices that produce hardcopy outputs are printers and plotters.
Monitor
Plotter
Printer
Audio output device
30. What is a storage device? List few commonly used storage devices.
Secondary memory is much larger in size than RAM, but is slower. It stores programs and data but the processor cannot access them directly. Secondary memory is also used for transferring data or programs from one computer to another. It also acts as a backup.
The major categories of storage devices are magnetic, optical and semiconductor memory.
Magnetic: Magnetic tapes,hard disk
Optical : CD,DVD,Blue ray DVD
Semiconductor: USB Flash drive,Flash memory cards
31. What is the role of ALU?
The accumulator is a part of the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU). This register is used to store data to perform arithmetic and logical operation. The result of an operation is stored in the accumulator.
32. What is a control unit?
The control unit (CU) is a component of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that directs the operation of the processor. It tells the computer's memory, arithmetic and logic unit and input and output devices how to respond to the instructions that have been sent to the processor.
33 What are registers? Write and explain any two of them.
CPU Registers are used to retrieve and store data at an extreme speed when manipulations are done by the CPU on a temporary basis.
Some Important CPU Registers are,
1. MAR (Memory Address Register):- To store the address of the memory location where data is to be stored/retrieved.
2. MBR (Memory Buffer Register) :- It holds the data, either to be written to or read from the memory by the processor
34. Differentiate Hard copy and Soft copy.
A hard copy a printed digital document file on paper, whereas soft copy is an unprinted electronicdocument file that exists in any digital form like in personal computers, pen drives, DVD's, in the form of word file, pdf file or wordpad file. ... Hard copy is aprinted document. A Physical item (that you can touch).
35. What is e-Waste?
e-Waste refers to electronic products nearing the end of their "useful life" . Electronic waste may be defined as discarded computers, office electronic equipment, entertainment devices, mobile phones, television sets and refrigerators. e-Waste contains some toxic substances such as mercury, lead, cadmium, brominated flame retardants, etc. CRTs have a relatively high concentration of lead and phosphors. The toxic materials can cause cancer, reproductive disorders and many other health problems, if not properly managed.
36. What is operating system?
It acts as an interface between the user and the hardware. It is a set of programs that control, co-ordinate the operations of a computer and help to make efficient use of resources ie. Software and hardware.. It has the following functions.
Process management, Memory management, File management, Security and Command interpretation.
Example: MS Windows XP, Vista, 7, Linux, DOS
37. What is a language processor?
Language processors used to translate the assembly or high level language programs or instructions in to equivalent machine language instruction. They are classified in to three. They are 1) Assembler 2) Compiler and 3) Interpreter.
Assembler: It converts assembly language codes into Machine language codes.
Compiler: It translates all lines of high level language program at a time in to its equivalent machine code. The language like C++ .
Interpreter: It translates high level language program in line by line in to its equivalent machine code. So it need less memory than compiler. The language like BASIC uses interpreter.
38. Mention the categories of computer languages.
Machine language :-The language, which uses binary digits, is called machine language. Writing a program in machine language is very difficult.
Assembly language: Assembly language is an intermediate-level programming language. Assembly languages use mnemonics. Mnemonic is a symbolic name given to an operation.eg ADD, SUB
High Level Languages (HLL): These are like English languages and are simpler to understand than the assembly language or machine language. Eg. C++, VB etc.
39. What is disk defragmenter?
Disk defragmenter is a program that rearranges files on a computer hard disk.
40. What is proprietary software?
Proprietary software is a computer program is property of the developer/publisher and can not copy , change or distribute without permission.
Eg. Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, MS Office etc.
41. Briefly explain any three input devices.
a). Keyboard: It is used to inputting alphabets, numbers and other characters. etc. characters. Keyboard detects the key pressed and generates the corresponding ASCII code which can be recognized by the computer. Usually it consists of 101 to 105 keys It has a keyboard layout called the QWERTY design. QWERTY gets its name from the first six letters across in the upper left- hand corner of the keyboard.
b). Mouse: It is a pointing device to point and select objects from the screen and also draws pictures. There are various types of mouses like
1. Serial and parallel mouse, 2. Optical mouse 3. Wireless Mouse
c.)Optical Character Reader (OCR):An OCR is a device that can read characters printed with a predefined font. Characters scanned with optical scanner. Scanned image converted to ASCII code and compare with original. It is faster input method with fewer errors. But only limited characters are used. For proper reading high quality printing is needed.
42. Compare CRT with LED monitor.
The Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) monitor resembles television sets of the past. Two types of CRT monitors are available, monochrome and color. A monochrome monitor displays characters and images in a single colour on a dark background.
LED monitors use LED directly behind the liquid crystal display (LCD) in order to light up the screen. This technique is very effective and gives each area of the screen its own light, which can be on or off. LED screens can produce massive contrast ratio making the difference between the lights and the blacks appear almost perfect. This technology is expensive. The advantage of using LED is better color quality, clarity, wider viewing angle, faster refresh rates and power savings
43. Differentiate RAM and ROM.
RAM ROM
1. It is faster than ROM It is a slower memory
2 It stores the operating system, application It stores the program required to boot programs and data when the the computer initially
Computer is functioning
3. It allows reading and writing. Usually allows reading only.
4. It is volatile, i.e. its contents are lost
when the device is powered off. It is non-volatile
44. List and explain e-Waste disposal methods.
e-waste
a). Reuse: It refers to second-hand use or usage after the equipment has been upgraded or modified.
b). Recycling of e-Waste: Recycling is the process of making or manufacturing new products from a product that has originally served its purpose.
c). Refuse : Use alternatives if there is or buy only it is necessary.
d). Incineration: It is a controlled and complete combustion process in which the waste is burned in specially designed incinerators at a high temperature
e). Land filling: It is one of the most widely used, but not recommended methods for disposal of e-Waste
45. Enumerate the steps that can be taken for the implementation of green computing philosophy.
Green computing is the designing, manufacturing, using and disposing of computers and associated components efficiently and effectively with minimal or no impact on the environment. To make computer green,
a). Green design: Designing energy-efficient and eco-friendly computers, servers, printers, projectors and other digital devices.
b). Green manufacturing: Minimising waste during the manufacturing of computers and other components.
c). Green use: Minimising the electricity consumption of computers and peripheral devices and using them in an eco-friendly manner. Minimise printing and maximize the use of soft copy.
d). Green disposal: Reconstructing or recycling unwanted electronic equipment.
46. What do you mean by customized software? Give examples.
Software that is made for an individual or business that performs tasks specific to their needs is called custom software. For example, if you had a home business, you may hire someone to create a custom software program to help print and view invoices. Canned Software, Software terms.
47. Distinguish between low level and high level languages.
Low level language is Machine language. The language, which uses binary digits, is called machine language. Writing a program in machine language is very difficult.
High level languages are like English languages and are simpler to understand than the assembly language or machine language. Eg. C++, VB etc.
48. Describe the use of electronic spreadsheets.
A spreadsheet is a software application that enables a user to save, sort and manage data in an arranged form of rows and columns. A spreadsheet stores data in a tabular format as an electronic document. An electronic spreadsheet is based on and is similar to the paper-based accounting worksheet.
49. What is utility software? Give two examples.
Utility software is a set of programs which help users in system maintenance tasks and in performing tasks of routine nature.
Some examples are,
a). Compression tools: Large files can be compressed so that they take less storage area. hese compressed files can be decompressed into its original form when needed.
Eg. Winzip, 7zip etc.
b). Disk defragmenter: Disk defragmenter is a program that rearranges files on a computer hard disk.
50. Categorise the software given below into operating system, application packages and utility programs. Linux, Tally, WinZip, MS-Word, Windows, MS-Excel
Operating system: Windows,Linux
Aplication softwares: MS-Excel,MS-Word
Utility softwares: Tally,WinZip
51. Differentiate between freeware and shareware.
Freeware Shareware
1.software which is made available for use free
of charge for an unlimited period. commercial software that is distributed on a trial basis.
2. Chance to try before purchasing All the
features are free. All features are not available.
3. Freeware programs can be Shareware may or may not be distributed free of cost. distributed freely . 52. What do you mean by humanware? Give any two examples.
Humanware or liveware refers to humans who use computer. It was used in computer industry as early as 1966 to refer to computer users, often in humorous contexts by analogy with software and hardware. It refers to programmers, systems analysts, operating staff and other personnel working in a computer system.
examples:
System Administrators : Database Administrators Upkeep, configuration and reliable operation of computer systems; especially multi-user computers such as servers.
Computer Engineers : Design either the hardware or software of a computer system.
